SOCIOL 350 UMASS Bivariate Ta

• Use the following GSS data on race, fear, and home ownership to do the following:
  1. Construct a bivariate table of frequencies for race and fear of walking alone at night.
  2. Calculate percentages for this table.
  3. Construct a bivariate table (using percentages) to compare fear of walking alone at night between people who owntheir homes and those who rent.
• Advocates of gay rights often argue that homosexuality is not a “preference” or a choice but rather an “orientation” that cannot be changed. One of your classmates argues that attitudes about homosexuality often influence politicalviews. Those who think homosexual relations are wrong tend to be more conservative compared with those who donot think that homosexual relations are wrong. Use the following table based on GSS data to do the following:
  1. Identify variables.
  2. What percentage of those polled think that homosexual relations are always wrong?
  3. Calculate the chi-square statistic for this table.
  4. Based on an alpha of 0.01, do you reject the null hypothesis?

Respondent	Race	Fear of Walking Alone	Rent/Own
1	White	No	Rent
2	Black	No	Rent
3	White	Yes	Rent
4	Black	No	Rent
5	White	No	Rent
6	Black	Yes	Own
7	White	Yes	Rent
8	White	Yes	Rent
9	White	No	Own
10	White	No	Own
11	White	Yes	Rent
12	White	No	Rent
13	Black	Yes	Own
14	White	No	Rent
15	Black	No	Own
16	Black	No	Rent
17	White	No	Own
18	White	No	Own
19	Black	No	Rent
20	White	No	Own
21	Black	Yes	Rent

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c.Describe the existence and the strength of the relationship between race and fear of walking alone based on thistable.

e.Describe the existence and the strength of the relationship between fear of walking alone at night and people whoown their homes and those who rent based on this table.

Political Views	Homosexual Relations		Total
	Always Wrong	Not Wrong at All
Liberal	82	155	237
Moderate	140	120	260
Conservative	229	66	295
Total	451	341	792

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Independent:

Dependent:

b.Percentage the table.

Political Views	Homosexual Relations		Total
	Always Wrong	Not Wrong at All
Liberal
Moderate
Conservative
Total

d.Using the percentaged table, describe the existence and strength of the relationship between views about homosexualrelations and political orientation.

	fo	fe	fo – fe	(fo – fe)2	( f0 – fe ) 2 fe
Always wrong/Liberal
Always wrong/Moderate
Always wrong/Conservative
Not wrong at all/Liberal
Not wrong at all/Moderate
Not wrong at all/Conservative
c2 =

QUESTION 3

1. Consider the following hypothetical data on each respondent’s region of U.S. residence and whether or not they voted in the last presidential election. Use these data to construct a bivariate table called “Voting Behavior by Region” with cells containing the appropriate frequencies (fill in ALL of the cells including Variable Name and Attributes).

Person	Region	Voted
1	South	Yes
2	South	Yes
3	North	No
4	North	No
5	North	Yes
6	North	Yes
7	North	Yes
8	South	No
9	South	No
10	South	No
11	North	Yes
12	North	Yes
13	North	No
14	North	No
15	South	No

QUESTION 4

1. Calculate the marginals for the table below.

	Religious Affiliation
Position on Abortion	Protestant	Catholic	Total (N)
Support	156	86
Oppose	296	139
Total (N)

QUESTION 5

1. Calculate the appropriate percentages for each cell.

	Religious Affiliation
Position on Abortion	Protestant	Catholic	Total (N)
Support	156	86
Oppose	296	139
Total (N)

QUESTION 6

Calculate the appropriate percentages for each cell and describe the existence and strength of the relationship between education and divorce (in particular the likelihood of divorce for someone with a high school degree vs. a bachelor’s degree).

	Highest Degree
Ever Been Divorced	Less than High School	High School	Junior College	Bachelor’s Degree	Graduate Degree	Total (N)
Yes	107	362	55	89	52
No	285	867	149	374	195
Total (N)

QUESTION 7

1.Suppose you obtain a chi-square statistic of 67.81. Are your results statistically significant if the critical value obtained from the distribution of chi-square is 3.84 with an alpha level of .05?

QUESTION 8

1.In the late summer of 2008, a brief war broke out between the two countries of Russia and Georgia. Suppose you are a researcher interested in nationalistic attitudes in these two countries. You decided to use data from the World Values Survey, which is available at the following URL: http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/. The data of interest are presented below on Russian respondents.

	Age
Proud of Nationality?	15-29	30-49	50+
Very proud	738	132	279
Quite proud	940	227	388
Not very proud	523	133	238
Not proud at all	194	47	83

1.Identify the independent and dependent variable. What is the total sample size?

2.Calculate the values of the row and column marginals and the expected frequencies for each cell.

3.Calculate the chi-square statistic and the number of degrees of freedom.

4.What is the critical value for this chi-square test (use an alpha of 0.05)? Conclude whether your results are statistically significant. Provide evidence for your conclusion.